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Clermontia samuelii

F.B.Forbes (1920)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā [oha], ‘ōhā wai [oha wai], hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs, 1.2–5 m tall, terrestrial.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 5–10 cm long, 1.8–4.5 cm wide. Apex acute, acuminate, or cuspidate. Base attenuate, cuneate, or obtuse. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lower surfaces pubescent or densely pubescent; lamina chartaceous, dull; upper surfaces dark green often tinged purple; lower surfaces pale green. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 0.5–2.5 cm long, pubescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2(–5)–flowered, pubescent; peduncle 0.4–1.8 cm long, spreading, bibracteate at or near apex; pedicels 1.2–2.8 cm long, spreading, bibracteolate at base. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 0.8–1.4 cm long, 0.5–1 cm in diameter, turbinate or obovoid, glabrous or pubescent. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, hemispheric, obconic, obovoid, turbinate, or rarely oblong, smooth or with 10 longitudinal furrows, rarely muricate or with 10 longitudinal ridges; lobes 5, valvate, either less than 1⁄2 as long as the corolla, distinct or rarely connate at base, persistent, triangular or deltate, rarely oblong or ovate, firm, green, or as long as the corolla (rarely only ⅔ as long), connate for 1/5–4/5 their length, deciduous, mimicking the corolla in shape, texture, and color. Perianth 3.6–5.5 cm long, tubular, rose or white tinged green, glabrous; tube 2–3.8 cm long, 0.5–1 cm in diameter, curved or arcuate; lobes 1–2 cm long, 2–4 mm wide, spreading slightly. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, staminal column slightly exserted, curved or arcuate; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, purple, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces, the tube 1–1.3 cm long, 2.5–3 mm in diameter, glabrous; filaments connate above, free from the corolla, 3.5–5.5 cm long, purple or magenta, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries unknown. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Montane forests.

Elevation Range: 610–2100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 7: 37 (1920)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along perennial stream, less often on saturated soil on ridgetops between streams. Vegetation: Meterosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Melicope, Sadleria, Cibotium, Clermontia, Cyanea, Astelia, Peperomia, Athyrium, Kadua, Lycopodiella, Vaccinium, Labordia, Isachne, Eragrostis, Deschampsia, Pipturus, Pilea, Machaerina, Dryopteris, Coprosma, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Prunella, Ageratina, Tibouchina, Plantago major, Rubus hawaiensis, Korthalsella, Preserved_Specimen Locally common shrubs; flowers greenish white; latex white; fruit orange, dull, spongy. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51421 Maui BISH 2014-05-28
2 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metosideros, Cheirodendron, Polyscias, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Sticherus, Machaerina, Cibotium, Dubautia, Trematolobelia, Pipturus, Sadleria, Dryopteris, Kadua, Coprosma, Phyllostegia, Labordia, Scaevola, Freycinetia,, Carex, Eragrostis, Amauropelta, Adenophorus, Lellingeria, Lepisorus, Oreogrammitis, Pilea, Selaginella, Peperomia, Juncus, Tibouchina, Hedychium, Paspalum, Sacciolepis, Erechtites. Preserved_Specimen Locally common, many branched shrubs to 3m tall; latex white; fruit bright orange but somewhat dull, with a spongy feel when gently squeezed and not solid like most lobelioids. Fruits float in water. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81336 Maui BISH 2013-08-22
3 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest With Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 meter ht with flowers. Perlman, S. 1259 Maui BISH 2014-05-28
4 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In opern sites along stream. Vegatation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest w/Cheirodendron, Melicope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Rare many branched shrubs to 3m tall; flowers greenish yellow with rose tint, especially buds and near base of corolla at anthesis on dorsal side. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61315 Maui BISH 2013-06-06
5 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest With Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 4 meter ht with white flowers Perlman, S. 23963 Maui BISH 2014-05-29
6 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metosideros, Cheirodendron, Polyscias, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Sticherus, Machaerina, Labordia, Cibotium, Dubautia, Pipturus,Trematolobelia, Sadleria, Dryopteris, Kadua, Coprosma, Phyllostegia, Scaevoal, Carex, Eragrostis, Amauropelta, Adenophorus, Lellingeria, Lepisorus, Oreogrammitis, Pilea, Selaginella, Peperomia, Juncus, Tibouchina, Hedychium, Paspalum, Sacciolepis, Erechtites. Preserved_Specimen Locally common, many branched shrubs to 3m tall; latex white; fruit bright orange but somewhat dull, with spongy feel when gently squeezed and not solid like most lobelioids. Fruits float in water Oppenheimer, H.L. 81333 Maui BISH 2013-08-21
7 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along stream, many seedlings observed mixed with C. kakeana and C. arborescens subsp. waihiae. Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Broussaisia, Metrosideros, Syzgium, Clermontia, Dicranopteris, Spathodea, Sadleria, Cibotium, Kadua, Isachne, Melicope, Myrsine, Coprosma, Hedychium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Freycinetia, Pittosporum, Wikstroemia, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pipturus, Psidium, Arundina, Paspalum, Amauropelta, Lycopodiella, Cyclosorus, Pilea, Peperomia, Dubautia, Selaginella, Psychotria, Lobelia, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Rare shrubs to 1.5m; Fruit bright orange; Oppenheimer, H.L. 111204 Maui BISH 2012-11-14
8 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cytandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meter ht with flowers, flower color yellow Perlman, S. 23496 Maui BISH 2013-06-04
9 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Apsect: N. Scattered in low, swampy drainage. Wet forest: Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Scaevola chamissoniana, Dicranopteris, Palhinhaea cernua, Sadleria pallida, Carex alligata, Diplopterygium Preserved_Specimen Plants short in stature, spreading over and through surrounding vegetation Pezzillo, Z. 135 Maui BISH 2023-02-08
10 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest opening. Vegetation: Metosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Acacia, Tetraplasandra, Pritchardia, Scaevola, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Cibotium, Vaccinium, Sadleria, Smilax, Astelia, Alyxia, Paspalum, Rubus, Rhynchospora, Tibouchina, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Single 1.75m tall shrub. Flowers greenish yellow, with a pink tinge when young; latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71011 Maui BISH 2010-07-12
11 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metosideros, Cheirodendron, Polyscias, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Sticherus, Machaerina, Cibotium, Dubautia, Trematolobelia, Pipturus, Scaevoal, Sadleria, Dryopteris, Kadua, Coprosma, Labordia, Phyllostegia, Eragrostis, Carex, Amauropelta, Adenophorus, Lellingeria, Lepisorus, Oreogrammitis, Pilea, Selaginella, Peperomia, Juncus, Tibouchina, Hedychium, Paspalum, Sacciolepis, Erechtites. Preserved_Specimen Locally common, many branched shrubs to 3m tall; latex white; fruit bright orange but somewhat dull, with a spongy feel when gently squeezed and not solid like most lobelioids. Fruits float in water. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81321 Maui BISH 2013-08-19
12 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details on east bank of small stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Melicope, Rubus, Dryopteris, Athrium Preserved_Specimen Singe 2 meter tall, many branched shrub Oppenheimer, H.L. 71911 Maui BISH 2019-07-23
13 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details many seedlings observed mixed with C. kakeana and C. arborescens subsp. waihiae. Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Broussaisia, Metrosideros, Syzgium, Clermontia, Dicranopteris, Spathodea, Sadleria, Cibotium, Kadua, Isachne, Melicope, Myrsine, Coprosma, Hedychium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Freycinetia, Pittosporum, Wikstroemia, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pipturus, Psidium, Arundina, Paspalum, Amauropelta, Lycopodiella, Cyclosorus, Pilea, Peperomia, Dubautia, Selaginella, Psychotria, Lobelia, Ageratina. Preserved_Specimen Rare shrubs to 1.5m tall along stream, flowers rose colored. Oppenheimer, H.L. 111203 Maui BISH 2012-11-14
14 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest w/Cheirodendron, Melicope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Rare occasional shrubs to 2m. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61307 Maui BISH 2013-06-04
15 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along perennial stream, less often on saturated soil on ridgetops between streams. Vegetation: Meterosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Melicope, Sadleria, Cibotium, Cyanea, Astelia, Peperomia, Athyrium, Kadua, Lycopodiella, Vaccinium, Labordia, Isachne, Eragrostis, Deschampsia, Pipturus, Pilea, Machaerina, Dryopteris, Coprosma, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Prunella, Ageratina, Tibouchina, Plantago major, Rubus hawaiensis, Korthalsella, Preserved_Specimen Locally common shrubs; flowers greenish white; latex white Oppenheimer, H.L. 51412 Maui BISH 2014-05-27
16 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest With Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Shrub, flowers, may be hybrid with Clermontia kakeana X samueli Perlman, S. 23520 Maui BISH 2013-06-06
17 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details mostly along stream bed but also on stream walls and ridges above stream. At least 20 plants observed along one-half stram, with many seedlings, mixed with C. arborescens subsp. waihiae and C. kakeana. Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Broussaisia, Metrosideros, Syzgium, Clermontia, Dicranopteris, Spathodea, Sadleria, Cibotium, Kadua, Isachne, Melicope, Myrsine, Coprosma, Hedychium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Freycinetia, Pittosporum, Wikstroemia, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pipturus, Psidium, Arundina, Paspalum, Amauropelta, Cyclosorus, Pilea, Peperomia, Dubautia, Selaginella, Psychotria, Lobelia, Ageratina, Deschampsia, Lycopodiella, Blechnum, Adiantum. Preserved_Specimen Scattered shrubs to 2m.; flowers pale greenish-yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 111212 Maui BISH 2012-11-14
18 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along perennial stream. Vegatation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest w/Cheirodendron, Melicope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Rare, occasional shrubs to 2m. Flowers creamy white to pale greenish-yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61303 Maui BISH 2013-06-04
19 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along perennial stream, less often on saturated soil on ridgetops between streams. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Melicope, Sadleria, Cibotium, Cyanea, Astelia, Peperomia, Athyrium, Kadua, Lycopodiella, Vaccinium, Labordia, Isachne, Eragrostis, Deschampsia, Pipturus, Pilea, Machaerina, Dryopteris, Coprosma, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Prunella, Ageratina, Tibouchina, Plantago major, Rubus hawaiensis, Korthasella. Preserved_Specimen Locally common shrubs; flowers greenish white; latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. Maui BISH
20 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in open wet forest near perennial stream; both putative parent taxa in the area. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diploterygium, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Kadua, Coprosma, Cibotium, Sadleria, Labordia, Dryopteris, Diplazium, Asplenium, Deschampsia, Pilea, Peperomia, Blechnum, Adiantum, Selaginella, Psidium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Rubus, Prunella, Paspalum. Preserved_Specimen Single treelet. Exhibits flowers as in the former while leaves resemble the local form of the latter. Bustamente, K. 41312 Maui BISH 2013-04-11
21 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In opern sites along stream. Vegatation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest w/Cheirodendron, Melicope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Rare, many branched shrubs to 3m tall; flowers pale yellowish green. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61314 Maui BISH 2013-06-06
22 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details near perennial stream in open ohia/uluhe Lowland Wet Forest. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicrarnopteris, Diplopterygium Broussaisia, Clermontia, Kadua, Coprosma, Pipturus, Cibotium, Sadleria, Labordia, Dryopteris, Diplazium, Asplenium, Isachne, Deschampsia, Pilea, Peperomia, Blechnum, Adiantum, Selaginella, Psidium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Rubus, Axonopus, Sacciolepis, Hedychium, Paspalum. Preserved_Specimen Candelabra-shaped shrubs to 2m tall, scattered and occasional. Flowers pale green to creamy yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41324 Maui BISH 2013-04-23
23 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest with Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 2 meter ht with flowers, flower color yellow Perlman, S. 23381 Maui BISH 2013-04-11
24 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along perennial stream, less often on saturated soil on ridgetops between streams. Vegetation: Meterosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Melicope, Sadleria, Cibotium, Cyanea, Astelia, Peperomia, Athyrium, Kadua, Lycopodiella, Vaccinium, Labordia, Isachne, Eragrostis, Deschampsia, Pipturus, Pilea, Machaerina, Dryopteris, Coprosma, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Prunella, Ageratina, Tibouchina, Plantago major, Rubus hawaiensis, Korthalsella, Preserved_Specimen Locally common shrubs; flowers greenish white; latex white Oppenheimer, H.L. 51416 Maui BISH 2014-05-28
25 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In opern sites along stream. Vegatation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest w/Cheirodendron, Melicope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Rare, many branched shrubs to 3m tall; flowers greenish yellow with rose tint, especialy buds and near base of corolla at anthesis on dorsal side. Oppenheimer, H.L. 61316 Maui BISH 2013-06-06
26 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest With Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meter ht, flower yellow Perlman, S. 23521 Maui BISH 2013-06-06
27 Clermontia samuelii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest With Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah Preserved_Specimen Scattered shrubs in area, several hundred plants with flowers and few fruit, flower color white Perlman, S. 23965 Maui BISH 2014-05-28
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